Vim li cas cov roj teeb tag nrho-lub xeev yog qhov kev lag luam sib txawv?
Kev ruaj ntseg siab:
Cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov roj teeb ua kua ib txwm raug thuam. Cov electrolyte yog yooj yim flammable nyob rau hauv siab kub los yog muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Nyob rau hauv siab tam sim no, lithium dendrites tseem yuav tshwm sim tho qhov sib cais thiab ua rau luv luv. Qee zaum cov electrolyte tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam sab lossis decompose ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Lub thermal stability ntawm cov kua electrolytes tsuas yog khaws cia txog li 100 degree, thaum oxide khoom electrolytes tuaj yeem ncav cuag 800 degree, thiab sulfides thiab halides tuaj yeem ncav cuag 400 degree. Cov khoom oxides ruaj khov dua li cov kua dej, thiab vim lawv cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov, lawv qhov cuam tshuam tsis kam yog siab dua li cov kua dej. Yog li ntawd, cov roj teeb uas muaj zog tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov neeg xav tau kev nyab xeeb.
High zog ceev:
Tam sim no, teeb meem-lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub zog ua kom tiav cov roj teeb ua kua, tab sis cov roj teeb tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog ua haujlwm. Cov roj teeb uas muaj zog tsis tas yuav tsum tau muab qhwv rau hauv cov kua kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj dej ntws zoo li cov roj teeb ua kua. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, cov ntaub qhwv zaj duab xis, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, thiab lub zog ceev tuaj yeem txhim kho zoo heev.
Siab zog:
Lithium ions hauv cov roj teeb ua kua yog nqa los ntawm kev coj ua, thaum lithium ions hauv cov roj teeb uas muaj zog yog los ntawm kev dhia, uas yog nrawm dua thiab muaj tus nqi siab dua thiab tso tawm. Kev them nyiaj ceev ib txwm yog ib qho teeb meem hauv cov roj teeb ua kua, vim lithium yuav raug precipitated yog tias qhov them ceev ceev dhau, tab sis qhov teeb meem no tsis muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov khoom-lub xeev cov roj teeb.
Tsawg kub ua haujlwm:
Cov roj teeb ua kua feem ntau ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm -10 degree mus rau 45 degree, tab sis lawv qhov kev caij nkoj loj poob rau lub caij ntuj no. Kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm cov khoom electrolytes yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm -30 degree thiab 100 degree, yog li yuav tsis muaj qhov txo qis hauv roj teeb lub neej tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txias heev, thiab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas thermal.
Lub neej ntev:
Ntawm cov roj teeb ua kua, qhov nruab nrab lub neej ntawm ternary roj teeb yog 500-1000 cycles, thiab lub neej ntawm lithium hlau phosphate tuaj yeem ncav cuag 2000 cycles. Cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias nyias tuaj yeem ncav cuag 45, 000 cycles yav tom ntej, thiab 5C lub neej nyob hauv chav kuaj tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10,000 zaug. Thaum cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm tib lub zog ceev tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke, tus nqi-zoo ntawm cov roj teeb hauv lub xeev tsis muaj qhov sib piv.
Kev sib piv ntawm 4 khoom inorganic electrolytes
Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom electrolytes tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg: oxides, sulfides, polymers, thiab halides. Txhua ntawm plaub hom electrolytes no muaj cov khoom sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, uas txiav txim siab qhov nyuaj ntawm R & D, ntau lawm, thiab kev lag luam thiab nws txoj haujlwm ua lag luam yav tom ntej.
Oxide electrolytes:
Qhov zoo: Lub ionic conductivity nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, thiab nws muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws electrochemical stability, mechanical stability thiab thermal stability. Nws tuaj yeem hloov kho rau high-voltage cathode cov ntaub ntawv thiab hlau lithium anodes. Zoo heev electro conductivity thiab ion selectivity. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qib ntawm cov cuab yeej txuas ntxiv thiab cov nqi tsim khoom kuj muaj qhov zoo. Kev muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Disadvantages: Txo stability yog me ntsis tsawg, nkig, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau tawg.
Oxide electrolytes muaj lub zog txhua yam, zoo thermal thiab huab cua stability, thiab dav electrochemical windows. Oxide electrolytes tuaj yeem muab faib ua crystalline thiab amorphous xeev. Feem ntau crystalline oxide electrolytes muaj xws li perovskite hom, LISICON hom, NASICON hom thiab garnet hom. Oxide electrolytes tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hluav taws xob siab, muaj qhov kub siab decomposition, thiab muaj lub zog zoo txhua yam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws chav tsev kub ionic conductivity tsawg (<10-4 S/cm), it has poor contact with the solid-solid interface of the positive and negative electrodes, and it is usually thick (>200μm), uas zoo heev txo lub ntim lub zog ceev ntawm lub roj teeb. Los ntawm cov khoom doping thiab hloov pauv ciam teb, chav tsev kub ntawm oxide electrolytes tuaj yeem nce mus rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 10-3 S / cm. Kev tswj cov khoom siv lead ua thiab ntxiv cov txheej txheem polymer tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib cuag ntawm cov oxide electrolyte thiab qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes. Ultrathin khoom electrolyte daim nyias nyias tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev daws teeb meem / slurry txheej txheej.
Sulfide electrolyte:
Qhov zoo: siab tshaj ion conductivity, me me ciam teb kuj, zoo ductility, thiab zoo ion selectivity.
Qhov tsis zoo: tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, yuav hnov mob nrog lithium hlau, thiab yooj yim ua rau huab cua ntub. Tus nqi siab dua thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab tsis zoo. Tam sim no, kev tsim khoom tseem yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab looj tes, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov khoom loj loj.
Sulfide electrolytes muaj qhov kub thiab txias conductivity thiab zoo ductility, thiab lawv stability tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm doping thiab txheej. Sulfide electrolytes tam sim no tuaj nyob rau hauv peb lub ntsiab: iav, iav-ceramics thiab muaju. Sulfide electrolytes muaj qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav tsev, uas tuaj yeem nyob ze ntawm cov kua electrolytes (10-4-10-2 S / cm), hardness nruab nrab, kev sib cuag zoo ntawm lub cev, thiab cov khoom siv zoo. Lawv yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov roj teeb uas muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, sulfide electrolytes muaj qhov nqaim electrochemical qhov rai, tsis zoo cuam tshuam kev ruaj ntseg nrog cov electrodes zoo thiab tsis zoo, thiab muaj kev nkag siab zoo rau cov dej noo. Nws tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov kab dej hauv huab cua thiab tso cov pa phem hydrogen sulfide. Kev tsim khoom, kev thauj mus los, thiab kev ua haujlwm muaj kev xav tau ib puag ncig siab heev. Cov kev hloov kho xws li doping thiab txheej tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm sulfide thiab zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes, ua rau lawv haum rau ntau hom khoom zoo thiab tsis zoo electrode, thiab txawm siv hauv lithium-sulfur roj teeb.
Kev npaj ntawm sulfide electrolyte roj teeb muaj kev xav tau ib puag ncig siab. Sulfide electrolytes muaj cov conductivity siab thiab yog cov mos mos, thiab tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm txheej txheej txheej. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm tsis txawv heev ntawm cov txheej txheem ua kua roj teeb uas twb muaj lawm, tab sis txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib cuag ntawm lub roj teeb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua ntau yam kub nias tom qab txheej thiab ntxiv txheej tsis los txhim kho kev sib cuag. Sulfide electrolytes yog rhiab heev rau cov dej noo thiab tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov dej hauv huab cua los tsim cov pa roj hydrogen sulfide, yog li cov kev cai ib puag ncig rau kev tsim roj teeb yog siab heev.
Polymer electrolyte:
Qhov zoo: kev nyab xeeb zoo, kev yoog raws thiab kev sib cuag, yooj yim rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab.
Disadvantages: Ionic conductivity tsawg heev nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab thermal stability yog tsis zoo.
Nws yog yoog raws thiab yooj yim rau kev ua, thiab cov conductivity tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev sib txuas, sib xyaw, grafting, thiab ntxiv cov yas yas. Lub ntsiab polymer substrates siv nyob rau hauv polymer electrolytes muaj xws li PEO, PAN, PVDF, PA, PEC, PPC, thiab lwm yam. Lub ntsiab lithium ntsev siv xws li LiPF6, LiFSI, LiTFSI, thiab lwm yam. Polymer electrolytes yog yooj yim los npaj, muaj zoo saj zawg zog thiab processability, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov tau yooj yim lossis cov roj teeb uas muaj cov duab tsis zoo. Nws muaj kev sib cuag zoo ntawm lub cev nrog rau qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes, thiab cov txheej txheem tseem nyob ze rau ntawm cov roj teeb lithium uas twb muaj lawm. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim hauv kev tsim cov roj teeb loj los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv uas twb muaj lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, chav tsev kub ionic conductivity ntawm polymer electrolytes feem ntau qis heev (<10-6 S/cm). The most common PEO-based polymer electrolyte also has poor oxidation stability and can only be used for LFP positive electrodes. The room temperature conductivity of polymer electrolytes can be improved by cross-linking, blending, grafting, or adding a small amount of plasticizers with a variety of polymers. In-situ curing can improve the physical contact between the polymer electrolyte and the positive and negative electrodes to the level of liquid batteries. The design of asymmetric electrolytes can broaden the electrochemical window of polymer electrolytes. The battery manufacturing process developed earlier and is relatively mature. The polymer electrolyte layer can be prepared by dry or wet methods. Battery cells assembly is achieved through roll-to-roll compounding between electrodes and electrolytes. Both dry and wet methods are very mature, easy to manufacture large batteries, and are closest to the existing liquid battery preparation methods.
Halide electrolyte:
Qhov zoo: tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tsis kam, siab ion selectivity, siab txo stability, thiab tsis yooj yim rau tawg.
Disadvantages: Nws tseem nyob rau theem kuaj, muaj tshuaj lom neeg tsis zoo thiab oxidative stability, thiab muaj ion tsis kam.
Vim muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm halides thiab polymers, yav tom ntej kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb rau cov roj teeb uas muaj zog hauv lub xeev feem ntau yog tsom rau oxides thiab sulfides. Qhov tseeb, vim nws cov tshuaj tsis zoo, cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem xaiv rau sulfide electrolytes yog nqaim heev, tab sis ntev li ntev tau pom cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab cov txheej txheem tawg, qhov tsis txaus no tuaj yeem ua rau.
Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev xav txog kev lag luam, cov txheej txheem nyuaj yuav ua rau cov nqi siab dua thiab lub qab nthab, yog li oxide khoom electrolytes tam sim no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov roj teeb hauv lub xeev. Los ntawm cov roj teeb ua kua rau cov roj teeb uas muaj zog, yuav muaj cov roj teeb ib nrab, thiab qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws nyob rau theem no yog txoj kev oxide. Nws yog vim nws txoj kev ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi zoo. Semi-solid-state batteries tuaj yeem hloov cov roj teeb ua kua tam sim no sai dua, maj mam ua kom zoo dua ntawm qhov zoo thiab tus nqi-zoo ntawm cov roj teeb hauv lub xeev.
Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias lub ntiaj teb puas yuav raug tswj hwm los ntawm oxides lossis sulfides yav tom ntej. Lub hauv paus ntawm solid-state roj teeb technology yog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm solid-state electrolytes. Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv electrolyte tam sim no tau ua tiav zoo, lawv tseem muaj teeb meem xws li kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev cuam tshuam loj, thiab cov nqi npaj siab. Kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis yog xav tau los txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom electrolytes.
